Could aliens detect Earth from our AI data centers?

Probably not from the data centers themselves.

AI data centers do use a lot of power and produce heat, but their signatures are not the kind of thing that would be easy to pick out across interstellar distances. Most of their electricity use becomes ordinary waste heat, and while that contributes a tiny bit to Earth’s overall infrared output, it is far too small to make Earth stand out dramatically.

A few important caveats:

• Data centers do create some electromagnetic leakage, but they are not normally broadcasting strong, intentional signals into space.
• If an alien civilization were looking for technosignatures, it would more likely notice broader signs of technology on Earth, such as atmospheric pollution, night-side light, or intentional radio transmissions, rather than AI data centers specifically.
• In some far-future scenario where computing and energy use became vastly larger, heat or atmospheric effects could become more detectable.

So the short answer is: current AI data centers are very unlikely to make Earth detectable on their own, though they add a small piece to the larger technological footprint of our planet.